Understanding Temporal Patterns and Determinants of Ground-Level Ozone

Ground-level ozone pollution causes adverse health effects, and the detailed influences of meteorological factors precursors on at an hourly scale need to be further understood. We conducted in-depth analysis phase relationships periods ground-level in Shunyi station, Beijing, contributing using wavelet geographic detectors 2019. The combined effects different were also calculated. found that temperature had strongest influence ozone, they over time. NO2 greatest explanatory power for temporal variations among precursors. spectrum indicated a periodic effect multiple time scales, most significant being 22–26 h period. coherence showed January–March October–December, antiphase relationship, largely complementary in-phase relationship ozone. Thus, main influencing varied during year. interactions with significantly affected surpassed 70%. findings can deepen understanding provide suggestions mitigating pollution.